SecLists is the security tester's companion. It's a collection of multiple types of lists used during security assessments, collected in one place. List types include usernames, passwords, URLs, sensitive data patterns, fuzzing payloads, web shells, and many more. danielmiessler/SecLists.
What do I mean by cracking 12 characters passwords and above? I'm simply stating that with modern hardware, like the, we can almost exhaustively search the highest probability keyspace for candidate passwords, against fast hashes like MD5, NTLM, SHA1, etc., in a reasonable amount of time.
Normally anything above 8 characters isn’t practical and/or feasible to brute force against standard fast hashing algorithms. When factoring in language and human peculiarities, like the average English word is only and people preferring multiple common words when creating 10 characters or longer passwords, you are within cracking distance of these passwords. For a quick reference guide to the various cracking tools and their usage check out. Also if you're needing a resource to aid in making stronger passwords for your most sensitive accounts, go take a look at the for random password generation, creation, and storage. Practically speaking, people that manually create passwords above 10 characters, for the most part, use common words or phrases. Why do they do this? Because remembering the password 'horsebattery123' is way easier than 'GFj27ef8%k$39'.
It's just simple human behavior exhibiting path of least resistance that will always exist and, until auto-generating password managers gain mass adoption, this vulnerability will always be around. I agree that of four random words is sound but only for non-fast hashing algorithms like bcrypt. In this article we will demonstrate Combo and Hybrid Attacks using that will expand your cracking knowledge toolkit. These examples will show how an attacker can efficiently attack this larger keyspace, with, and make these so called strong passwords succumb to his cracking methodology. Let's look at how the Combo attack can help us with passwords that are English words appended to each other, and the best dictionary to get the job accomplished is. This is a list of the 10,000 most common English words in order of frequency, as determined by of the.
Now lets use an example of two randomly selected english words combined to form a 16 character password like shippingnovember.Here's how we would combo attack this password with Hashcat if it was hashed as an Md5:Examplehashcat -a 1 -m 0 hash.txt google-10000.txt google-10000.txt. Let's go big and attack the XKCD password instructions of four random english words to create a new password ' sourceinterfacesgatheredartists'. This addition of one more word just drastically increased our keyspace to 10,000,000,000,000,000 candidates, but just like the previous attacks it will fall, mostly because of us using MD5 as the hashing function. Again we will use our newly created 'combined' dictionary twice and tell Hashcat to perform a combo attack:Examplehashcat -a 1 -m 0 hash.txt google-10000-combined.txt google-10000-combined.txt. For the first example we will use our previous work from the Combo Attack demonstration and incorporate the google-10000.txt list to form the base words of our candidate generation. Then we are going to break out and focus on the dictionary from.
I picked the hashesorg dictionary because of its efficiency rating of 65.9 and its relatively small size. What we will do is analyze the hashesorg dataset and create masks based on the most popular password patterns constrained to a certain character length. These masks will be appended/prepended to our base words from google-10000.txt to form an efficient Hybrid Attack. Now let's use Hashcat's built-in mask derived from the Rockyou password dataset. The rockyou masks in Hashcat have been broken into smaller chunks that grow in size based on the numbering, which what I assume accounts for the percentage of passwords that fall within that category of masks. We are going to use the smallest.hcmask file rockyou-1-60 because it contains the higher probability masks and it works well with a Hybrid attack.
We are also going to pair this with the actual Rockyou passwords which can be retrieved at Skullsecurity. Be careful when pairing a mask with a dictionary to ensure the dictionary is not too large, otherwise your attacks will take a VERY long time. I like to keep my Hybrid dictionary size below 500MB and even smaller based on the masks I plan to append/prepend.
Let's draw at random from the Rockyou dictionary the password ' sophia.!' And we will add an arbitrary date ' 1996' just like a user would to the front. This leaves us with the password 1996sophia.! To test against. Again this attack is going to run through the lists of mask sequentially contained in the rockyou-1-60 dataset and append to them to every password contained in the Rockyou dictionary.Examplehashcat -a 7 -m 0 hash.txt rockyou-1-60.hcmask rockyou.txt. Let's get creative and create our own dictionary and masks to pair with a Hybrid Attack and since we learned that the average English word is long we will make our dictionary contain words only up to 5 characters long. We will again use the rockyou.txt dictionary for this example.
Here is an how we can chop the first 5 characters from the dictionary and sort it uniquely into our new first5dict.txt dictionary. Depending on your hardware this may take some time to complete. You will also notice this new dictionary comes out to 18MB's in size which is a little on the small side for an attack against MD5 but would be perfect for a slower hash.Examplecut -c 1-5 rockyou.txt sort -u first5dict.txt.
I know this isn't a Hybrid attack but it's worth mentioning that 12 character mask attacks are still reasonable, especially if you formulate them using the PACK tool. A 1 day attack (86400 seconds) can be formulated using the speed of your rig against a certain hash type, which can be measured by performing a hashcat -b -m #type from the terminal. Let's quickly show how to follow these steps to create a mask attack for passwords from 12 - 15 characters in length using PACK. Let's again use the rockyou.txt dictionary as an example to generate these masks, but let's first estimate the speed of our cracking rig against md5 hashes.Example (md5)hashcat -b -m 0. So as you can see 12 character passwords are not that inconceivable to crack. It just takes a little finessing and a little creativity to formulate the correct strategy. Also don't always assume that since your password is above 11 characters that the online service you trusted with this password is going to hash it properly, thanks.
I hope I've demonstrated that you need unique words, digits and not just four random common words all lowercased, and if you need more convincing check out my friend Troy Hunt's write-up. If you are really smart you will begin using a password manager like Keepass or the for random password generation, creation, and storage. You can follow me on Twitter, and lastly for a good pocket reference guide on cracking tool usage and syntax check out.
Bigger isn’t always better, but sometimes it is. If you need a huge word list before you hit those mask attacks, we’ve got you covered. We call it Rocktastic. When you absolutely, positively, got to crack every hash in the room; accept no substitutes. People and passwordsIt’s 2016 and passwords are still a fundamental tenet of a systems security posture. An attacker’s ability to gain credentials is often a key factor to their success.We humans are basic creatures; creatures of habit and simplicity. For the uninitiated, password selection often follows a psychologically predictable format: familiar base words, upper case characters at the start and digits based on years at the end are all traits that we see often and get interested in.
A little too interested, sometimes enter Neil Lines , a man who took things just a little bit too far. Today, we’d like to share some of his insanity with you. A word list was bornIn December 2009, the social game developer RockYou was breached via a simple SQL injection attack. Far worse, all of their user’s 14 million passwords were stored in plain text format. The data hit the wider internet and the rest is history (including RockYou being fined – ouch). Attackers and security workers the world over have been using that word list ever since.In keeping with a poor security posture, RockYou didn’t enforce any password complexity, and so unsurprisingly most of the passwords were very basic. Therefore, many of the passwords – while interesting to study – were not particularly useful for cracking password hashes belonging to stronger systems.
Introducing RocktasticNeil Lines took the original RockYou word list and went to work. At first, he just removed duplicates but before long, he was adding multiple passwords and permutations based on real world patterns.Over time, the word list grew. He shared it with a select few individuals and improved the quality of the list, based on their feedback. We all noticed a significant improvement in the success rate of offline dictionary attacks versus other word lists. It’s fair to say that it became a bit of an obsession; a borderline madness.As with all madness, you can only keep it contained for so long. That’s why we’ve decided to cut a final version of this word list, which we’ve lovingly dubbed ‘‘.
It’s a bit of a beast (which, as it goes, is the hostname of our GPU cracking rig but I digress). Word countThat’s right. There are over a billion words in this well curated word list. We think that if you need much more than that, it’s probably time to start thinking about a mask attack.
Plus, someone had to stop Mr Lines from taking the madness any further! Grab it while it’s hotRocktastic is quite weighty, at 2.5 GB compressed and 13 GB uncompressed. Therefore, we’ve decided to distribute it via BitTorrent.
Please feel free to download and share. We’d also really appreciate you helping us to keep it seeded for a while!BitTorrent:sha1sum: 3c78b4e5da7b5d2279ee91781e189d Rocktastic12a.